Hauv kev ua hlau, kev kos duab yog ib qho txheej txheem tsim, los ntawm kev siv lub zog tensile rau cov khoom siv hlau, nws ua rau cov yas deformation nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm extension. Cov txheej txheem kev kos duab yog dav siv hauv tsheb, aerospace, khoom siv hauv tsev, kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam lag luam los tsim cov khoom ntawm ntau yam duab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau sib txawv coj txawv txawv thaum lub sij hawm ncab, yog li kev nkag siab txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ncab ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab cov khoom zoo. Daim ntawv no yuav tham txog qhov nthuav dav ntawm kev ncab ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv hlau thiab nws daim ntawv thov.
1. Cov nyhuv ntawm stretching ntawm steel
Hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog carbon steel thiab stainless hlau, yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv hauv cov txheej txheem kos duab. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm stretching, cov hlau qhia muaj zog ductility thiab toughness. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg, thickness thiab kev kho cua sov txheej txheem ntawm steel, tensile zog yuav txawv:
Tsawg carbon steel: Cov pa roj carbon tsawg muaj cov yas zoo hauv cov txheej txheem kos duab, thiab tuaj yeem deformed mus rau qib siab dua yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem kev kos duab, cov hlau me me yuav tsim cov elongation loj, uas ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov nplooj ntawv nyias los yog cov khoom sib xws, xws li lub cev tsheb, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.
High carbon steel: Piv nrog cov pa roj carbon tsawg, siab carbon steel tensile zog tsis zoo, elongation yog tsawg, yooj yim tawg thaum lub sij hawm tensile txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv high carbon steel rau stretching, kev kho cua sov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau los txhim kho nws cov yas thiab ductility.
Stainless hlau: Stainless hlau feem ntau muaj lub zog siab, tab sis nws cov ductility thiab tensile zog kuj tsis zoo. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog tensile ntawm stainless hlau, nws yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv cov kev kho cua sov kom tsim nyog los yog siv ib qho tshwj xeeb alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem kos duab, stainless hlau yuav raug rau hauv zos yield los yog deformation, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj cov txheej txheem kos duab tsis zoo thaum tsim cov txheej txheem kom tsis txhob tawg lossis deformation.
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ncab ntawm aluminium alloy
Aluminium alloy yog cov khoom siv hlau hnyav hnyav, dav siv hauv aerospace, tsheb, kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam. Due to its low density and good ductility, aluminum alloys provide excellent properties during stretching. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom tensile ntawm aluminium alloys kuj zoo sib xws rau lawv cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg:
Aluminium- tooj liab alloy: Aluminium- tooj liab alloy muaj zog dua, tab sis nws cov yas tsis zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem tensile, no alloy yog nquag mus nkig tawg nyob rau hauv qis kub. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem kev kos duab thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev siv cov duab nrawm thiab siab raug siv.
Aluminium-magnesium alloy: Aluminium-magnesium alloys pom zoo ductility thiab corrosion kuj thaum lub sij hawm ncab. Qhov no ua rau cov aluminium-magnesium alloy zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim cov nplooj ntawv nyias thiab cov khoom zoo li qub, xws li tsheb casings thiab cov qauv dav hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem tensile, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov tsos ntawm Al-Mg alloy tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo.
Aluminium-silicon alloys: Aluminium-silicon alloys feem ntau muaj ntau dua fluidity thiab qis zog, thiab yog li qhia tau zoo dua ductility thaum stretching. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog lub zog qis ntawm aluminium-silicon alloys, lawv tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntawm qee yam khoom siv sib dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov ntawv thov kev ntxhov siab tsawg.
3. Cov nyhuv ntawm stretching ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys
Tooj thiab tooj liab alloys, xws li tooj dag thiab tooj liab, muaj hluav taws xob zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab yog li ntawd tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tooj liab thaum lub sij hawm kev kos duab yog feem ntau nyuaj, nyob ntawm seb nws cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ua lub xeev:
Ntshiab tooj liab: Ntshiab tooj liab muaj ductility siab, muaj peev xwm tuav tau zoo plasticity thaum lub sij hawm stretching txheej txheem, thiab tuaj yeem txuas mus rau ntau dua yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab yog qhov tsawg, yog li nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj deformation thaum lub sij hawm stretching txheej txheem thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau deformation. Hauv cov ntawv thov, cov tooj liab ntshiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hlau lossis nyias- cov phab ntsa.
Brass alloy: Brass alloy qhia tau hais tias zoo zog thiab ductility nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tensile, tab sis nws cov yas yog me ntsis tsawg dua li cov tooj liab ntshiab. Brass alloys feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntawv nyias nyias thiab cov yeeb nkab fittings, thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab kev tsim kho. Lub zog tensile ntawm tooj dag alloys feem ntau ruaj khov, tab sis deformation yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Bronze alloy: Cov khoom tensile ntawm bronze alloy tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav nkig tawg. Yog li ntawd, thaum stretching, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab kos duab ceev kom tsis txhob muaj kab nrib pleb los yog defects nto.
4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm tensile ntawm titanium alloys
Titanium alloys yog dav siv hauv aerospace, tub rog thiab siab -kawg tsim teb vim lawv lub teeb yuag, siab zog thiab zoo heev corrosion kuj. Lub tensile zog ntawm titanium alloys yog ntau complex, feem ntau qhia ntau zog, tab sis qis ductility:
titanium alloy: Cov titanium alloy no feem ntau muaj cov khoom kub zoo thiab lub zog, tab sis cov yas tsis zoo thaum cov txheej txheem tensile, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tshwm sim hauv zos yield thiab deformation. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov ductility, feem ntau nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov kev kho cua sov uas tsim nyog lossis kev kho cua sov.
titanium alloy: titanium alloy feem ntau muaj ductility ntau dua, muaj peev xwm tuav tau zoo deformation muaj peev xwm thaum lub sij hawm tensile txheej txheem, haum rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ib co complex qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau no muaj lub zog tsawg thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau alloying los txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
5. Cov nyhuv ntawm stretching rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv alloy
Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlau zoo saum toj no, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tensile ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv alloy kuj tseem ceeb heev. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li magnesium alloys thiab zinc alloys feem ntau muaj cov ductility tsawg, tab sis lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab lub zog siab ua rau lawv siv dav hauv aerospace, tsheb sib tw thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm tensile txheej txheem ntawm cov alloys, lub tensile kub, ceev thiab siab yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis txhob tawg los yog brittle fractures.
Saum toj no
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tensile ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yog ze ze rau cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg, kub, lim tus nqi thiab lwm yam. Rau txhua yam khoom, qhov tsim nyog tensile tsis yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li nws cov yam ntxwv los xyuas kom meej qhov kawg zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm kev tsim qauv tsim nyog ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kos duab, tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ductility thiab plasticity ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj ua tau zoo kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tawg lossis qhov tsis xws ntawm cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, kev nkag siab tob txog ntawm tensile zog ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab cov khoom zoo.
